Multiple methods, such as Frame Busting, have been implemented to protect users from this attack. (Please note that this scenario is completely imaginary and set in an environment where security mechanisms like X-Frame-Options headers are unavailable.) How to Prevent Clickjacking AttacksĬlickjacking is an attack that targets users as the weakest link in the online security chain.
Since these interactions take place as if the victim was intentionally browsing the website, the interaction triggered on Amazon will include the victim’s credentials (such as Cookies) too. When the user clicks on the Click Here button however, only the Buy button on Amazon is actually clicked, which triggers a set of actions on Amazon. The user sees the Click Here button instead of the Buy button below. In this example, Amazon is loaded in a low opacity iframe and is therefore not visible by the user. There are various types of UI Redressing, such as hijacking keystrokes or extraction of content, each with its own advantages for attackers. UI Redressing attacks are based on loading web pages inside an iframe and overlaying them with other UI elements.
The X-Frame-Options Header is a security header suggested by Microsoft to avoid the UI Redressing attacks that began with Clickjacking in 2009. Security headers are HTTP response headers that define whether a set of security precautions should be activated or deactivated on the web browser. In response messages, the metadata can hold the following information: In request messages, the metadata can hold the following information: While the HTTP message body is often meant to be read by the user, metadata is processed exclusively by the web browser and has been included in HTTP protocol since version 1.0. Headers are part of the HTTP specification, defining the metadata of the message in both the HTTP request and response. It highlights the most commonly used HTTP headers and explains how each of them works in technical detail. This whitepaper explains how HTTP headers can be used in relation to web application security. HTTP Security Headers and How They Work Introduction
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